The .50 Browning cartridge ... Born 1921. A 642 grain (11 to a pound) or a 750 grain (9 to a pound) bullet is available to handloaders. Velocities from 2700 FPS to 2900+ FPS. Muzzle energy is over 12,000 foot-pounds in some loads.
For comparison : A few comon "powerful" cartridge specs.
7MM remington Magnum ... 150 grain bullet (46 to a pound), 3050 FPS, 3,100 foot pounds
30-06 Springfield ... 150 grain bullet, 2950 FPS, 2900 foot pounds
375 Holland & Holland Magnum .. 300 grain bullet, 2625FPS, 4600 foot pounds
458 Winchester Magnum, 500 grain bullet, 2075 FPS, 4875 foot pounds
44 Remington Magnum (handgun) .. 240 grain bullet, 1425 FPS, 1075 foot pounds
Data from "Metalic Crtridge Reloading" and "Accurate Smokeless Powder Loading Guide #1" books,
"Grains" is the unit of measure for ammunition components, 7,000 grains to a pound. Necesarry when trying to safely controll pressures over 50,000 PSI at times. Handloaders measure to 1/10 of a grain. Picture splitting an ounce 4,540 times.
There will never be another to equal Long Tra'ang's "calibre". May his crosswinds always be calm now and forever. RIP Carlos.